A total of 633 male and female students from Indonesian universities were sampled used a simple random sampling technique. Span lang='EN-US'>The objective of this study was to analyze the hoax behavior tendencies among Indonesian students during the pandemic, viewed from the aspects of analytical thinking, basic science knowledge, trust in news sources, satisfaction, and action.

Some final thoughts are offered on how feminists might best navigate the pitfalls of online activism – including the problem of ‘false balance’ – going forward. Ultimately, however, agonistic theory is found to have limits – in terms of this case study as well as more broadly. Given the heat, amplification, and seemingly intractable nature of the argument, it investigates the usefulness of Chantal Mouffe’s agonistic pluralism to unpack the conflict. This article uses debates around manspreading to explore and appraise some key features of contemporary feminist activism online. These ‘naming and shaming’ digilante strategies have been met with vitriolic responses from men’s rights activists. Feminists claim this form of everyday sexism exemplifies male entitlement and have responded by posting candid online photographs of men caught manspreading. Feminist campaigns on social media platforms have recently targeted ‘manspreading’ – a portmanteau describing men who sit in a way which fills multiple seats on public transport.

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